Week 1 Discussion 2: Key Characteristics of the U.S. Healthcare System

Week 1 Discussion 2: Key Characteristics of the U.S. Healthcare System

The costs of health care delivery in America are based on a supply and demand model because America is a country of capitalism. Insurance is available to help Americans pay for these costs. Insurance is available through employers, government-funded programs, and privately (Shi, 2017). However, insurance does not cover total costs, only a portion and patients are responsible for a small percentage of the total payment. Grosse estimated that the average medical cost in a lifetime in 2014 accumulates to $513,500 (Dunn, 2016). Not to mention that $300 billion is wasted annually on medical services that are unneccsary due to a misdiagnosis (HealthLeaders Media, 2021).

Unlike other countries, health care access is selectively based on insurance. It is especially difficult for those of low socioeconomic status to access health care services due to the allocation of resources primarily serving those who can afford it.  The ACA was created in hopes that more people would have access to care (Shi, 2017). Public Health has been on the rise as far as awareness in the community. For those that get turned away from health care facilities, they go back to their community and, if contagious, spread their illness to others. It is the aim of publich health to reduce the spread of illness in the community by keeping air and water clean as well as educating citizens about current health care trends (Shi, 2017). It is even easier now though, for people to access health care professionals through telemedicine. Telemedicine is a virtual visit with your health care provider. It allows you to ask your physician questions without going into office, thus reducing transportation barriers. Another component are systems similar to Mychart. Mychart is a way for patients to view billing statements, test results, and health history at their fingertips. As for those who hate to make phone calls, there is a way to schedule appointments and message physicians straight from the website or app.

As for the quality of American Healthcare, the United States has been the leader of providing quality care for years. In the 1870’s

Week 1 Discussion 2 Key Characteristics of the U.S. Healthcare System

medical licensure was required and education reform was under way to ensure proper training of health care professionals. Yet, errors are inevitable, so Clevleand Clinic launched a second opinion program as a way to “double check” the work of the professionals. This program has resulted in 28% change in diagnosis which is a big deal because an average of twelve million Americans are misdiagnosed each year. The wrong diagnosis can lead to no change of true underlying cause of illness and sometimes worsening of illness due to inappropriate treatment (HealthLeaders Media, 2021). With a decrease in misdiagnoses, the number of Americans receiving accurate, quality treatment will increase.

Week 1 Discussion 2: Key Characteristics of the U.S. Healthcare System

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

  • Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
  • There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
  • Include in-text citations in your response
  • Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
  • Follow APA-7th edition
  • Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

  • A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
  • Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
  • Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
  • Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
  • Follow APA 7th edition
  • Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
  • Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
  • Here are some helpful links
  • The is a great resource

 

 

References:

Dunn, A., Grosse, S. D., & Zuvekas, S. H. (2016). Adjusting Health Expenditures for Inflation: A Review of Measures for Health Services Research in the United States. Health Services Research53(1), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12612

HealthLeaders Media. (2021, April 13). Cleveland Clinic’s Virtual Second Opinion Program Changes Medical Treatment. Patient Safety & Quality Healthcare. https://www.psqh.com/news/cleveland-clinics-virtual-second-opinion-program-changes-medical-treatment/

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2017). Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach(7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Value: 100 points

Due: In an effort to facilitate scholarly discourse, create your initial post by Day 4, and reply to at least two of your classmates, on two separate days, by Day 7.

Note: In this type of discussion, you will not see the responses of your classmates until after you have posted your own response to the question below.

Initial Post

Cost, quality, and access are three pillars of the U.S. health system. Write about some of the key characteristics of the U.S. healthcare system related to cost, quality, and access. Your textbook and other learning materials for Week 1 are good resources for this assignment, but you can also use other sources.

  • For this discussion, you must refer to at least one article from a reputable newspaper (can be online) or other media source that is current (from the last month) and post the resource in APA format.
  • You must have at least two references in your initial post and the media source can be one of the two.
  • Summarize your post in 500 to 750 words.

Replies

Reply to at least two of your classmates. In your reply posts, include new information related to your peer’s initial post or to the topic. Each reply should be 200 to 400 words. You should cite one to two sources in your reply posts that add new information in response to your classmate’s post.

Please refer to the for details on how this activity will be graded.

Posting to the Discussion Forum

  1. Select the appropriate Thread.
  2. Select Reply.
  3. Create your post.
  4. Select Post to Forum.

The three pillars of the U.S health system, cost, quality, and access, are essential to understand the foundational elements making up healthcare delivery. The cost is the number one pillar that brings about many barriers and complexity that can be detrimental to people’s health. It’s remarkable to be living during a time to witness the changes that were being made in healthcare reform in regards to the Affordable Care Act (ACA). According to Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019), “The ACA required that all U.S. citizens and legal residents must be covered by either public or private insurance” (p.8). When significant changes to health care reform are made, this puts a financial burden on other areas of healthcare. Ever since I became a healthcare worker, I learned small aspects of healthcare and how insurance works for individuals. It seems that health care delivery policies relate to what is the most cost-effective for the system and organizations providing care. If more dollars are being taken away from the system rather than increased, there would be a cut back to whatever is appropriately not helpful or valuable in healthcare. Access to healthcare is another pillar I will mention. Reading chapter one from Delivering Health Care in America reminded me of a bad experience of receiving access to health care. Information provided by Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019), “While one can say that the United States does have a form of universal catastrophic health insurance, it does not guarantee the uninsured access to continual basic and routine care, commonly referred to as primary care” (p.12).

Furthermore, it seems as though patients are denied access to healthcare even when having active insurance. Still, each health organization is restricted to specific health insurance companies that will provide full or partial coverage. The article “Is Health Care a Right” was very interesting between the viewpoints of Joe and Maria. Healthcare is a right, and the patient can choose whether or not to receive care. I believe everyone should have a right to healthcare, whether an active, productive member of society or not. Healthcare rights and access to it should not be solely based on an individual’s income or life circumstances. I understand that it seems unfair for a person to receive free health benefits and not be an active worker in society; it seems abusive. Still, a person’s life when facing life-threatening long-term illness is morally essential, just as the following individual. Information provided by Gawande, A., (2017, Oct 2), “A right makes no distinction between the deserving and the undeserving, and that felt perverse to Maria and Joe” (para. 11). I believe it is vital for people to contribute to their healthcare and the healthcare system, but we cannot control when and if a catastrophic event will happen in our lives. Life circumstances are challenging, unfortunate, and sometimes out of our control, but that shouldn’t prevent an individual from receiving access and exceptional quality health services.

Note: The value of each of the criterion on this rubric represents a point range (example: 25–20 points, 20–15 points, 15–10 points, 10–0 points).

Discussion Board Rubric – 100 Points
Criteria Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement Inadequate Total Points
Quality of Initial Post Initial post is on time and of the correct length (500–750 words).

All components of the initial post requirements are addressed.

Course content synthesis is applied.

References are included according to the Discussion instructions.

25 points

Initial post is on time and of the correct length (500–750 words).

Most components of the initial post requirements are addressed.

Course content synthesis is applied but limited.

References are included according to the Discussion instructions.

20 points

Initial post is one day late.

Does not meet the correct length (500–750 words).

Some components of the initial post requirements are addressed.

Course content synthesis is weak or missing.

References are included but not according to the Discussion instructions.

15 points

Initial post is more than one day late.

Initial post much fewer than (500–750 words).

Few components of the initial post requirements are addressed.

Course content synthesis is missing.

References are not included.

10 points

25
Peer Replies On time.

There was substantial evidence and synthesis of course content utilizing course topics and the introduction of questions and new information.

Replies are 200–400 words.

References are included according to the Discussion instructions.

25 points

On time. There was some evidence and synthesis of course content utilizing course topics and the introduction of questions or new information.

Replies are 200–400 words.

References are included according to the Discussion instructions.

20 points

There was either some synthesis of course content or the introduction of questions or new information.

Replies are less than 200 words.

References are included but not according to the Discussion instructions.

15 points

There was little or no evidence of course content utilizing course topics or the introduction of questions or new information.

Replies are less than 200 words

References are not included.

10 points

25
Frequency of Contribution Initial post with two peer replies posted on two separate days.

25 points

Initial post with two peer replies posted on the same day.

20 points

Initial post with one peer reply.

15 points

Only initial post submitted or only replied to peers.

10 points

25
Organization, Writing Mechanics, and APA Format Clearly organized, no or limited writing mechanics and/or APA errors.

25 points

Clearly organized, few to some writing mechanics and/or APA errors.

20 points

Poorly organized, several to moderate writing mechanics and/or APA errors.

15 points

Poorly organized, many writing mechanics and/or APA errors.

10 points

25
Total points 100
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