NUR-513 APA Assignment
NUR-513 APA Assignment
Nursing Theories
Nursing theories play a crucial role in nursing practice. The guide nursing interventions utilize to achieve the care outcomes of the patients. Nurse researchers also utilize theories to underpin their studies. Nurses also utilize them as the basis of their worldviews. Therefore, this paper explores the purpose, meaningfulness, and application or nursing theories in nursing practice.
Purpose of to Patient Care
Nurses apply nursing theories to patient care processes. Accordingly, the theories guide nursing practice by ensuring the utilization of interventions that improve the quality of care and outcomes (Straughair, 2019). The application of nursing theories in the patient care process also separates nursing from medicine. It helps nurses to articulates the reasons for what they do for their patients and why they do them. Nursing theories also provide nurses with insights into the care needs that should be achieved with the care process (Kitson, 2018). For example, they use them to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing interventions utilized to promote patients’ wellbeing.
Meaningfulness of Nursing Theory
Nursing theory is meaningful to the current practice. First, it guides nursing research, which informs nursing theories. Nursing theories such as Orem’s theory of self-care are used in researches that explore the effectiveness of different nursing interventions in improving patients’ self-care abilities. Nursing theory also acts as source of foundational knowledge for nurses. Nurses obtain crucial concepts needed for their practice such as those related to environment, health, patient, and nursing. Nursing theories also help nurses to understand their roles in the patient care process (Hoeck & Delmar, 2018). Accordingly, nurses understand their role as well as actions they take in responding to different situations based on the knowledge obtained from the theories.
Applying Theory before Planning and Providing Care
Nursing theory can be applied before planning and providing care in the current practice. Accordingly, nursing theories provide a basis for obtaining assessment data from patients. The assessment data guides the development of nursing diagnoses and plans for achieving the identified patient needs. An example is the use of Orem’s self-care deficit theory in nursing care. Nurses utilize the theory to assess patients’ abilities in meeting their self-care needs in the assessment phase. They use the assessment data to develop diagnoses and plans for meeting the identified deficits (Yip, 2021). Therefore, Orem’s theory can be applied in assessing the patient before planning and .
Best Theory
Jean Watson’s theory of nursing best reflects my personal view of the essence of nursing. According to Watson’s theory of caring, nursing is largely concerned with the promotion of health, prevention of illness, restoring health, and caring for the risk patients. Watson recognized the active role that nurses play in the prevention of diseases and their treatment (Sitzman & Muller, 2018). My worldview is like that of Watson’s in that I consider nursing to be more than curing medical conditions. It extends to understanding what a disease means to a patient and helping them to transform the factors that contribute to it. It also entails providing holistic care that is not only focused on the disease but also the whole being of the patient and their growth (Reed, 2019). Nurses should care and accept patients for who they are and what they should be.
Conclusion
In summary, nursing theories are important in nursing. They define nursing roles and differentiate nursing from other fields in healthcare. Nursing theories can be used before planning and provision of patient care. Jean Watson’s theory of caring best reflects my personal view of nursing.
References
Hoeck, B., & Delmar, C. (2018). Theoretical development in the context of nursing—The hidden epistemology of nursing theory. Nursing Philosophy, 19(1), e12196.
Kitson, A. L. (2018). The Fundamentals of Care Framework as a Point-of-Care Nursing Theory. Nursing Research, 67(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000271
Reed, P. G. (2019). Intermodernism: A philosophical perspective for development of scientific nursing theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 42(1), 17–27.
Sitzman, K., & Muller, D. H. (2018). Usefulness of Watson’s Caring Science for Online Educational Practices in Disciplines Outside of Nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 41(4), E53–E63.
Straughair, C. (2019). Cultivating compassion in nursing: A grounded theory study to explore the perceptions of individuals who have experienced nursing care as patients. Nurse Education in Practice, 35, 98–103.
Yip, J. Y. C. (2021). Theory-based advanced nursing practice: A practice update on the application of Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. SAGE Open Nursing, 7, 23779608211011990.
Select two different nursing theories and describe how they relate to patient care. How could you use them for inciting behavioral changes? Discuss the pros and cons of applying each theory and how they could be integrated into your future practice. Are there any particular ethical issues related to the integration of these theories that should be considered?
In response to your peers, cite a study that used one of the nursing theories you discussed. Explain the impact of the nursing theory on your approach to patient care. Cite at least one source to support your response.
Nurses that provide patient care must know and practice several nursing theories to be able to treat different patients. Two nursing theories that a nurse can use are Dorothea E. Orem: Self-Care Theory and Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory. According to Wayne (2021), self-care theory means that nurses give patients or their caregivers the ability to care for themselves at home to improve their health. The theory of Interpersonal Relations is defined as therapeutic interactions between an individual that is sick and a nurse that is educated to recognize and respond to the need of help (Wayne, 2021). In self-care theory nurses provide the proper education to either the patient or the main caregiver. Sometimes patients are discharged from the hospital, and they are in no position to learn anything new or continue to care for themselves. For example, a patient with a newly diagnosed condition like hypertension can be managed at home with diet, exercise, blood pressure checks, and the medication prescribed. For seriously ill patients a caregiver can assist the patient while the condition is under control. Individuals, families, and communities have the ability to promote, prevent disease, maintain health, and to cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a healthcare provider (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022).
For the Interpersonal Relations theory, the healthcare provider must build a therapeutic relationship with the patient to achieve progress in their health management. A nurse touches the four elements of the metaparadigm which are person, nursing, environment, and health. According to Wayasa et al., (2021), a person refers to the individual, families, communities, or other groups that aggregate in nursing care. For environment, it refers to the place where the nursing takes place, for example, private homes, healthcare facilities to communities (Wasaya et al., 2021). Health refers not only to the living state of the individual but also to the death of the individual (Wasaya et al., 2021). The concept of nursing includes the actions taken by the nurses for the patient in conjunction with the goals and outcomes of those actions following diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation (Wasaya et al., 2021). For nurses to follow this theory the plan of care has to be created with the patient’s input in order to make the patient part of the care team. Building a trusting relationship is helpful and nursing interventions can feel like a shared decision instead of an imposed intervention. For example, when I was pregnant my water broke, and the doctor was insisting that I take medication to speed up the process and have my baby. I felt understood by my nurse because in front of the doctor she said, “I will ask the mother if this is okay”. I had previously spoken with the nurse, and she knew what my “birthing plan” was. We waited until it was medically necessary to take the medicine. For a short time, I felt in control and my nurse knew how to calm me down when things were not progressing as expected.
Ethical issues can happen by using either nursing theory. In self-care, the patient can feel like he is not being cared for because other nurses have never put them in charge of their own care. If this theory is not explained to the patient, they can feel like they are not being cared for and fall under the principle of human dignity. It might not be that way, but patients feel differently and think differently. For the theory of self-care, freedom of harm can be an issue if the patient is not able to care for themselves or if the caregiver that is trying to care for the patient is also not capable of caring for the patient. Both nursing theories aim for the improvement of the patient’s health.
Reference
Hartweg, D. L., & Metcalfe, S. A. (2022). Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory: Relevance and Need for Refinement. NURSING SCIENCE QUARTERLY, 35(1), 70–76. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/08943184211051369
Wasaya, F., Shah, Q., Shaheen, A., & Carroll, K. (2021). Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations: A Case Study. Nursing Science Quarterly, 34(4), 368–371. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/08943184211031573
Wayne, G. (2021, July 8). Nursing theories and theorists: An ultimate guide for nurses. Nurseslabs. Retrieved October 12, 2022, from https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-theories/
Assessment Description
APA style is used for professional writing in nursing and health care. As a professional, it is important to be able to clearly communicate your research or professional writing in an accurately formatted paper using the most current APA style. The purpose of this assignment is to write a 500-750 word paper focusing on the proper application of APA style.
Refer to the resources in the Class Resources and Student Success Center for assistance with APA. Use the APA Style Guide resource, located in the Student Success Center, to complete this assignment.
Include the following in your paper:
- Describe the purpose of applying nursing theory to patient care.
- Explain why nursing theory is meaningful to .
- Explain how a nursing theory can be applied before planning and providing care in current practice.
- Discuss which theory best reflects your personal view of the essence of nursing and how it has been helpful to you for planning and providing care to your patients.
You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.
Complete the “APA Writing Checklist” to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style and formatting criteria and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as an appendix at the end of your paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Attachments
APA Writing Checklist
Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.
☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.
☐ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ Topic is well defined.
☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.
☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.
☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.
☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.
Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.
Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.
Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.
Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.
Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.
☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.
All nursing theories aim is to provide foundation for nurses to build their clinical and technical skill upon to serve their patients. Different nurses, in their differing backgrounds and specialties may be drawn to certain theories over others. In my role as a school nurse, I am at the intersection of health of pediatric patients and their education. The two nursing theories I had an affinity for were for Jean Watson’s caring theory and Neuman’s systems model.
Watson’s caring theory emphasizes that caring and “10 carative factors” are per Tourville and Ingalls (2003), “…the core of therapeutic healing processes and relationships in nursing” (p. 28). Nightingale described nursing as “spiritual calling” where a person puts themselves in a position of service to others without expecting something in return. This is the basics of care for someone else; putting their needs above your own. Watson’s scope is focused on the nurse/patient relationship.
Neuman’s systems model is based upon the idea that a person has 5 factors of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual facets of themselves. When one of these factors is out of balance whether from internal or external stimulus, it is the nurses roles to restore and maintain those factors to return the person back to a stable place (Tourville and Ingalls (2003)). The scope of Neuman’s model has a broader view of the patient within the system and how external factors can affect the balance of the previously mentioned five factors.
These two systems have vastly different ways of viewing the role of the nurse; Neuman views the nurse to being the catalyst to restoration or balance within a person and Watson views the role of the nurse to respond to the 10 carative factors of a person on the continuum of health. Although these two theories may differ in their avenues, their nature is the same of that a holistic view of the patient and how their health affects them as a person.
With my setting being within a school system, Neuman’s theory is very interesting to me because different stressors within and outside of the student can affect their health or education. This is especially true as they grow and mature in the same school system. In my future role as an educator within nursing, I will be able to educate students on their chronic health conditions as they grow and mature in their health whether or not they have a chronic health condition or not. Using the 10 carative factors, I can educate and empower students and their families in their health as they are affected by internal stressors of their own growth and their external experience in the school setting.
Reference
Tourville, C., & Ingalls, K. (2003). The living tree of nursing theories. Nursing Forum, 38(3), 21-30, 36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0029-6473.2003.t01-1-00021.x
APA Writing Checklist
Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.
☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.
☐ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ Topic is well defined.
☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.
☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.
☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.
☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.
☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.
Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.
Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.
Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.
Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.
Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.
☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.
Rubric Criteria
|
Criterion |
1. 1: Unsatisfactory |
2. 2:Insufficient |
3. 3: Approaching |
4. 4: Acceptable |
5. 5: Targeted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
References References |
0 points Sources are not documented. A reference page is not included. |
6 points Documentation of sources using a reference page is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and the required style, with numerous formatting errors. |
6.6 points Sources are documented on a reference page, as appropriate to assignment and the required style, although some formatting errors may be present. |
6.9 points Sources are documented on a reference page, as appropriate to assignment and the required style, and format is mostly correct. |
7.5 points Sources are completely and correctly documented on a reference page, as appropriate to assignment and the required style, and format is free of error. |
|
Title Page Title Page |
0 points The title page is not formatted according to required style. The title page is omitted. |
2 points The title page reflects some required formatting, but overall it is not correctly applied. |
2.2 points The title page is presented. required formatting is applied but there are minor errors. |
2.3 points The title page is presented. required formatting is applied, although there may be one or two errors. |
2.5 points The title page is presented. required format is applied correctly. There are no errors. |
|
APA Style Citations APA Style Citations |
0 points Sources are not cited throughout. The required style is not used for citations. |
6 points Citation of sources is incomplete. The use of the required style for citation of sources is inconsistent and incorrect. |
6.6 points Most sources are cited. One maybe missing. The required style and format are typically applied. Some errors are present. |
6.9 points All sources are cited. The required style and format are applied and mostly correct. There may be one or two errors. |
7.5 points All sources are cited. The required style and format are correctly applied and are free from error. |
|
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use) Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use) |
0 points Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is employed. |
6 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. |
6.6 points Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. |
6.9 points Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. |
7.5 points The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. |
|
Nursing Theory Nursing Theory |
0 points The theory presented is not a nursing theory. |
6 points A nursing theory is presented. The criteria for the assignment are incomplete. There are major inaccuracies. |
6.6 points A nursing theory is summarized. The criteria for the assignment contain some omissions or inaccuracies. |
6.9 points A nursing theory is presented. The criteria for the assignment are addressed with sufficient support. There are minor inaccuracies or omissions. |
7.5 points A nursing theory is clearly and accurately presented. The criteria for the assignment are clearly addressed and well supported. |
|
Main Body Main Body |
0 points The required formatting is not used for the main body. |
6 points The way the main body is disorganized. Overall, the required formatting is not consistently or correctly applied. |
6.6 points The sections of the main body are generally identifiable. The required formatting is applied but there are minor errors. |
6.9 points The sections of the main body are clear. The required formatting is applied, although there may be one or two errors. |
7.5 points The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. The required format is applied correctly. There are no errors. |
|
Appendix Appendix |
0 points The Appendix is not formatted according to The required style. The Appendix and APA Writing Checklist are omitted. |
2 points The APA Writing Checklist is attached in the Appendix but is incomplete. The Appendix reflects some the required formatting, but overall it is not correctly applied. |
2.2 points The APA Writing Checklist is complete and attached in the Appendix. The required formatting is applied but there are minor errors. |
2.3 points The APA Writing Checklist is complete and attached in the Appendix. The required formatting is applied, although there may be one or two errors. |
2.5 points The APA Writing Checklist is complete and attached in the Appendix. The required format is applied correctly. There are no errors. |
|
Introduction Introduction |
0 points The introduction is not presented in required format. The introduction is omitted. |
6 points An introduction is presented but the overall required formatting is not consistently or correctly applied. |
6.6 points An introduction is presented. The required formatting is applied but there are minor errors. |
6.9 points The introduction is presented. The required formatting is applied, although there may be one or two errors. |
7.5 points The introduction is presented. The required format is applied correctly. There are no errors. |
