Climate Change and Genomic Variation Discussion Questions
IOL 1000 Life Science At-Home Lab: Macromolecules – Effect of Temperature on Lipids Instructions: Complete the experiment and take a photo of the samples after you have completed the procedure, fill in the tables, and answer the questions. Upload your photo and answers to the D2L Assignment Folder. LIPIDS Lipids include oils, fats, and waxes. Lipids are the main component of the plasma membrane of all cells. In addition, they contain more chemical energy per unit weight than other biological molecules, so lipids are often used by organisms for energy storage. Humans certainly store energy in the form of fat, as do many other animals and plants. Vegetable oils (sunflower, olive, corn, etc.) come from the stored fat in the seeds or fruits of those plants. This is energy that was intended to help a new plant grow. Lipids are also important to animals for insulation and to help the body store fatsoluble vitamins, such as vitamin E and vitamin A. Have you ever noticed how vitamins are packaged into pills? Vitamin A and vitamin E are contained in an oily substance (i.e., lipid) in a capsule instead of a dry (i.e., nonlipid) tablet. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has an uneven distribution of electrical charges and is therefore attracted to ions and other polar molecules. Lipids do not dissolve in water because lipids have few functional groups that are polar. Fatty acids are a class of lipids, and they can be saturated or unsaturated.
A more detailed description separates the fatty acid component of the lipid into monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated. Unsaturated fats are found in fruits and vegetables, while saturated fats are found in animals, including fish. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and tend to raise levels of blood cholesterol in humans. Cholesterol is a lipid that is necessary for the synthesis of bile and steroid hormones. Cholesterol is also an important component of cell membranes, but too much cholesterol may damage the circulatory system. Your body can synthesize most of its own fats, including cholesterol, from proteins and carbohydrates. The few it cannot synthesize are easily obtained from whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, meats, and milk products. 1 Observe: Examine each of the molecules in Figure 3.3 on page 53 of your textbook. Examine the other images shown below. Compare: Palmitic acid (saturated, next page) Oleic acid (monounsaturated) Linoleic acid (polyunsaturated) Notice: 1. The saturated fat has all single bonds between the carbons. 2. The unsaturated fat has one double bond between two carbons. 3. The polyunsaturated fat has two double bonds between some carbons. When companies make partially or fully hydrogenated fats, what they are doing is taking an unsaturated fat and breaking the double bonds between the carbons. Remember carbon makes 4 bonds, so when you break the double bonds the carbons can how bond to hydrogen’s. That is where the hydrogenation word comes from. Credits for Images Credits for Image 2 Table A below contains some practical information about lipids that is helpful when making or buying salad dressing. Use the information in the table below to determine what type of lipids you have at home.
TABLE A: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURER OF VARIOUS LIPIDS CONTROLS Type of Lipid Room Temperature (22 C) Refrigerator Temperature (4 C) Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated Saturated liquid liquid solid solid-like or cloudy liquid solid Materials • lipid
samples, you need at least two – three would be better, below are some choices (use what you have at home or can easily get). butter, margarine, coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, canola oil, corn oil, (other types of vegetable oils, be sure to write in the specific name of the lipids you use) • • containers to place lipids in, you need two for each sample you are testing cup measures Procedure 1. For each sample of lipid you are testing, label two containers (room temperature and refrigerator). 2. Place about ¼ cup the first sample into both containers (you should have ¼ of the sample in each container). 3. Repeat with other samples. 4. When you have placed the lipids into the containers you should have two containers for each sample and one should be labeled room temperature and the other refrigerator. 5. Leave all the room temperature containers at room temperature for 24 hours. 6. Place all the refrigerator containers in the refrigerator for 24 hours. 7. After 24 hours examine the room temperature samples and record their appearance in Table B on the Upload sheet. Do the same for the refrigerator samples. Use the terms solid, liquid, or cloudy to describe the appearance of the samples. 3 BIOL 1000 Life Science At-Home Lab: Effect of Temperature on Lipids • • Name: Date: Upload this completed page to D2L Assignment Folder. Also upload a photo of your samples. TABLE A EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON VARIOUS LIPIDS CONTROLS Type of Lipid Room Temperature (22 C) Refrigerator Temperature (4 C) Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated Saturated liquid liquid solid solid-like or cloudy liquid solid Results: TABLE B EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE – UNKNOWN LIPID Name of Home Samples Room Temperature (22 C) Refrigerator Temperature (4 C) Questions: 1. Using the information in Table A above, fill out Table B using the terms solid, liquid, or cloudy. Then fill out Table C indicating if lipid samples are saturated, monounsaturated, or poly-unsaturated. TABLE C Type of Lipids – Saturated, Mono or Poly-unsaturated Name of Home Samples Lipid Type 2. How do you think a lipid containing a combination of unsaturated lipids would react to 22 degrees C and 4 degrees C? 3. What type of lipid is most salad dressing made with and why?
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
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Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.
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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- The is a great resource