NRS 429 Assignment: Family Health Assessment Part II
Assignment: Family Health Assessment Part II
The (SDOH) are factors that determine individual’s health outcomes. SDOH are the conditions in which individuals are born, raised, work, live, and grow old. SDOH can influence health equity positively or negatively and can be more significant than health care and lifestyle practices in influencing health (Islam, 2019). In the previous assignment, I interviewed family Z, an African American middle-income family with four members. The family had an overall good health status and engaged in healthy health promotion and disease prevention activities. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the SDOH contributing to the health status of family Z and develop a plan of action to integrate health promotion strategies for the family.
SDOH That Affect the Family Health Status
Family Z has a generally good health status, attributed to SDOH of income, education, food security, and access to affordable and quality health services. The family’s household income allows them to purchase health insurance, a key factor in accessing quality and specialized healthcare services. The family members have high levels of education, which is a key driver of better health outcomes. Raghupathi and Raghupathi (2020) assert that individuals with high-level educational achievement have improved health outcomes and lifespan than their peers with low-education attainment. A high education level often leads to good jobs, high income, and benefits, such as health insurance coverage promoting access to quality and specialized health care. A high income also allows individuals to afford homes in safer neighborhoods with access to transportation options, healthcare facilities, and healthy foods (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2020). Food security has enabled the family to access healthy foods that result in good health. Furthermore, family Z has access to affordable and quality healthcare services, enabling them to engage in health promotional and disease prevention activities and attend wellness programs, thus promoting an overall good health status.
Age-Appropriate Screenings
The recommended screenings for Mr. Z (49 years) include screening for hypertension, colorectal cancer, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes due to his overweight status. The United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) proposes screening for hypertension in persons 18 years or older and for colorectal cancer in persons aged 45 to 49 years. It also proposes diabetes screening in adults 35 to 70 years who are overweight or obese. Mrs. Z’s (47 years) recommendations include screening for hypertension, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and blood sugar monitoring. The USPSTF proposes screening for cervical cancer three-yearly with cervical cytology alone in females 21 to 29 years. In females 30-65 years, it recommends screening three yearly with cervical cytology alone and five-yearly with high-risk human papillomavirus testing alone (USPSTF, n.d.). Recommendations for daughter Z (24 years) include cervical cancer screening three-yearly with cervical cytology. I would also recommend blood pressure monitoring and screening for HIV infection. The USPSTF proposes HIV screening in individuals 15 to 65 years (USPSTF, n.d.). Screening recommendations for son Z (19 years) include blood pressure monitoring and HIV infection.
Health Model
HPM) outlines the multifaceted characteristic of people as they work together in their environment to attain health. HPM outs emphasis on the following aspects: Person characteristics and experiences, Cognition and affect related to behavior, and Behavioral results. The model assumes that people aspire to actively control their behavior (Khoshnood et al., 2020). The HPM is ideal for family Z since it can identify how the family’s past practices and gained characteristics impact their beliefs and engagement in behaviors that promote health. HPM can be used to assess the family’s perceived barriers that limit their commitment to action and their actual health behaviors (Khoshnood et al., 2020). Lastly, it can determine how the family’s perceived self-efficacy to practice a particular health practice improves the possibility of dedication to the action and execution of the lifestyle practice.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The first step in family-centered health promotion using the HPM will be to conduct a needs assessment to determine the family’s health needs and barriers to health. The next step will be to identify health promotion interventions needed to meet the identified needs and eliminate the barriers. Interventions can include health education to empower them to take necessary interventions to better their health (Khoshnood et al., 2020). The family can then be guided on changing behavior and adopting healthier lifestyle practices to better their health. The final step will be to evaluate the family’s adoption of recommended lifestyle practices and the impact of behavior change on their health.
Conclusion
SDOH that have contributed to family Z’s good health status include high-income level, education, food security, and access to affordable and quality health services. Recommended screenings include hypertension, prediabetes, cervical cancer, colon cancer, and HIV infection. Health promotion using the HPM aims to improve an individual’s degree of well-being.
References
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications.Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
Khoshnood, Z., Rayyani, M., & Tirgari, B. (2020). Theory analysis for Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) by Barnum’s criteria: a critical perspective. International journal of adolescent medicine and health, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0160
Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2020). The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015. Archives of Public Health, 78(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5
The United States Preventive Services Taskforce. (n.d.). A and B recommendations | United States preventive services Taskforce. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-and-b-recommendations
Family Health Assessment Part II SAMPLE 2
The health out come for a given population depend on many factors including socioeconomic and genetic factors. People of different social backgrounds are likely to be exposed to unique health issues. However, those with the same social experience suffer the same health issues. According to Artiga and Hinton (2019), the social determinants of health involves people’s experiences in terms of living condition, socio-economic status, the neighborhood, level of education, the physical environment, and social support factors. Besides, the ease of access to healthcare services is also essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the social determinants of health for Joe’s family.
Gathered Through the Family Health Assessment, Recommend Age-Appropriate Screenings for Each Family Member
The family is made up of two adults, three adolescents, and two children. The health assessment and screening tools vary based on age. In this case, the mother should have cervical cancer screening annually. The screening tool is recommended for adult and sexually active women. Having regular screening for cervical cancer allows early diagnosis and a better prognosis. In addition, the mother should have breast cancer screening. On the other hand, late diagnosis has a low survival rate. The father should undergo prostate cancer screening. The screening tests are recommended for male adults to determine their risks for prostate cancer (Gregory, n.d.).
Children should be assessed for the risk of obesity. The assessment is recommended considering the lifestyle identified during the family history taking. The fact the children spend more time on television makes them vulnerable to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, children should be assessed for possible genetically related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The psychological development of the children should also be assessed. The ASQ 3 tool can be used in screening for the developmental patterns of the children and identify the possible deficits they could be having.
Health Model to Assist in Creating a Plan of Action: Assignment: Family Health Assessment Part II
The trans-theoretical health model would be the most appropriate for changing the behavioral patterns of the family. The health model involves six stages including the pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance phases. The model aims at creating a long-term and sustainable behavior change that will transform the health of the family members completely.
Outline of the Steps for a Family-Centred Health Promotion
The implementation of the health promotion will involve identifying the health issues in the family and letting them understand the dangers associated with the lifestyle at the pre-contemplation phase. Subsequently, the family members will be allowed to contemplate the need to have the change and then think on measures to address the issues. An action plan will then be jointly developed with the family members so that they own the change process. At the maintenance phase, the participants overcome the possible barriers likely to arise in the change process. The goal, in this case, is to promote healthy sleeping patterns and the formation of social relationships. The communication will be achieved through the direct-interaction strategy. Besides, the family members will be given posters defining the risks associated with lack of enough sleep and why they must change the behavior.
Assignment: Family Health Assessment Part II Conclusion
The health determinants indicate the risks of a population to health issues. Findings from the family interview indicated that the family members did not have enough sleep and were not active in the social activities. Therefore, the trans-theoretical model will be useful in helping them change the undesired behavioral patterns and reduce the health risks associated with their current behaviors.
Assignment: Family Health Assessment Part II References
Artiga, S., & Hinton, E. (2019). Beyond health care: the role of social determinants in promoting health and health equity. San Francisco, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
Coll-Planas, L., Nyqvist, F., Puig, T., Urrútia, G., & Monteserín, R. (2017). Social capital interventions targeting older people and their health impact: A systematic review. Innovation in Aging, 1(suppl_1), 207-207.
Gregory, D. J. (n.d.). Iowa men’s decision-making process for prostate cancer prevention via screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test.
Medic, G., Wille, M., & Hemels, M. (2017). Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. Nature and Science of Sleep, 9, 151-161.
NRS 429V Week 1 Discussion 2
In the assigned reading, “How to Write Learning Objectives That Meet Demanding Behavioral Criteria,” Kizlik explained that “objectives that are used in education, whether they are called learning objectives, behavioral objectives, instructional objectives, or performance objectives are terms that refer to descriptions of observable behavior or performance that are used to make judgments about learning.” How do health providers design educational programs to clearly articulate objectives to engage both patients as well as families?
According to the family systems theory, a member of a family has to change its behaviors and influence everyone in the family to follow along and change to promote health and wellness. An example is a family member with a history of obesity decides to lose weight and creates a diet plan and exercise regimen and encourages the rest of the family to join him in the journey of losing weight. Behavioral changes when an individual decides to change for the better and act on it.
The family systems theory helps in teaching behavioral changes because once a family member is involved in the plan of care and already decides to take part in the process of helping to live a better lifestyle, it is much easier to influence the rest of the family.
According to the ebookHealth Promotion: Health & Wellness Across the Continuum, variables that affect the ability to learn are race, ethnicity, immigration status, disabilities, sex/gender/sexual orientation, environmental threats, poverty, access to health care, and lack of education can be barriers that affect a patient’s ability to learn and move forward with the behavioral changes.
A patient’s readiness to learn to change their lifestyle for a better life improves the learning outcomes because once a patient understands the reasoning behind the need for the change, it is easier to change its bad habits to new habits and live a healthy lifestyle.
References
Grand Canyon University (Ed). (2018). Health promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/
Response
This is an outstanding response Ronald. I agree with it. Health conditions tend to emanate from intricate factors such as those advanced by social, economic, and political determinants. Health is determined by the manner in which societies are structured and how health policy agendas are influenced by the political nature in the society (Laverack, 2017). Health promotion interventions that address behavioral risks are capable of supporting policies to enhance health or uphold inequalities in a society. This is attributed to the fact that behavioral change models have insignificant impact on wider conditions that result in poor health. Therefore, any health promotion model intended to initiate behavioral changes should be adopted as a component of a winder, inclusive policy framework. Ensuring a comprehensive and multi-component health promotion model is appropriate in changing bad behaviors that can cause negative health effects (Laverack, 2017). Advancing health promotion model through a strong policy framework is crucial in giving people greater control over their lives instead of instructing them on what to do.
References
Laverack, G. (2017). The challenge of behaviour change and health promotion. Challenges, 8(2), 25.
Developing health promotion programs that helps to set up healthy lifestyle behavior requires comprehensive planning. Theories and Models both include concepts and constructs. Health theories and behavior models helps to explain why individuals and communities behave the way they do.
Theories and models both include concepts and constructs. Concepts are the primary components of a model or theory. Constructs are components that have been created for use in specific model or theory. These terms are important to understand when discussing models and theories (Glanz, Rimer, &Lewis,2002).
Theories and models helps to understand the nature and understanding of the patients. In Tran theoretical model describes the process of how the behavior of individual changes, there are various factors that influence the behavior of patient.
These model includes five stages (Glanz, Rimer, &Lewis,2002;NCI, 2005)
Pre contemplation– In this stage the individual has no intention to change behavior within the next six months.
Contemplation- In this stage, an individual is considering a behavior change within the next six months.
Preparation– In this stage the individual takes some steps towards making a change doing so within the next 30 days.
Action– An individual reaches this stage once he/she has made a apparent behavior change and doing within next 30 days.
Maintenance– If behavior change last more than 6 months then moves in the final stage of maintenance.
Barriers that affect the patient’s ability to learn can be language, culture, beliefs, educational level of the patients, before set up the the plan for educating the patients nurse should assess the patient’s ability to learn and obstacles in the patient learning that can be face by the nurse.
Readiness to learn refers how patients in participating in the behavior change, patient should be ready physically, psychologically and cognitively engage in learning. Health status of the patient really affect the readiness to learn, in this patient is in pain or feeling weakness or fatigue may affect the readiness to learn. Nurse should always assess the learning style of the patient, patient’s environment such as loud noises, educational level, Nurse should always use the words as a Layman can understand, should avoid medical terms as much as possible.
Reference
Glanz, K., B. Rimer, ,& F. Lewis. (2002). Health behavior and health education. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. National Cancer Institute (2005). Theory at a glance guide for health promotion practice.
