Students are expected to:Post a response to each classmate. No more than 100 words include in-text citations and at least 1 reference APA style. Please be respectful.Helen’s response:Personal PhilosophyI believe that all human beings are whole. Therefore the whole human being walks into my clinic but some disturbance has caused illness. This disturbance may be an emotional issue that has caused stress and that stress has led to disease. This is an example and there are many root causes of disease. So, I think in a way that seeks out the root cause of the discomfort so that the effect can be modified.Nurse TheoristMartha Roger’s theory of Unitary Human Beings depicts nursing as an art and a science. Nurses promote health and well-being (Nursing Theory, 2018). When there is a change in the pattern and the organization of human energy fields, observable events manifest (Nursing Theory, 2018). Roger’s theory describes human beings as indivisible with an energy field that can be identified by a pattern and can’t be predicted from its parts (Nursing theory, 2018). People have the capacity to participate in change. Rogers describes health as an expression of the life process. Health includes characteristics from environmental and human fields (Nursing Theory, 2018). Therefore health and illness are part of the same continuum. Multiple events in a person’s life demonstrate the extent to which the person is healthy (Nursing Theory, 2018).Comparison of Prescribing privilegesLouisiana (LA) is one of 15 states with reduced practice authority (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2017). NPs in the state of Louisiana must have a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to have prescriptive authority (Louisiana State Board of Nursing (LSBN), 2018). Additionally, in the state of LA, NPs must complete 500 hours of work in the clinical specialty for which the applicant was educated immediately prior to applying for prescriptive authority (LSBN, 2018). Additionally, the NP must have 45 contact hours in pharmacology, and 45 contact hours in physiology/pathophysiology or a 3 hour college course in each (LSBN, 2018). In contrast, the state of Arizona voted into law full practice authority for NPs in 2001 (Arizona Nurse Practitioner Council, 2017). The State Board authorizes NPs to prescribe and dispense within the population of focus in the NP is licensed in the state and submits evidence of 45 contact hours in pharmacology or clinical management of drug therapy (Arizona State Board of Nursing, 2017).References:American Association of Nurse Pratitioners. (2017). State practice environment. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/state-…American Nurse Practitioner Council. (2017). What year was the Arizona Nurse Practice Act modernized to give NPs full practice authority? Retrieved from https://arizonanp.enpnetwork.com/nurse-practitioner-news/57821-arizona-nurse-practice-act-aprn-scope-of-practice-proposed-revisions-for-aprn-consensus-and-aprn-multistate-compact-models-Nursing Theory. (2018). Science of unitary human beings. Retrieved from http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/…Rebecca’s Response:Personal PhilosophyI aim to not only give my patients the best possible medical care possible, but to also treat them and focus on them as a whole person and to evaluate not just the symptoms but their environment and other factors as well. I believe that there is more to treating “just the symptoms”. For example, if a patient comes in with high blood pressure I would not want to just put the patient on HTN medication. I would look at the patient as a whole and not only discuss their blood pressure, I would also discuss diet, exercise, personal life, and any other issues necessary to discuss.TheoryI think that Jean Watson’s Theory represents my philosophy best. Her theory of Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major concepts: human being, health, environment/society, and nursing. Jean Watson refers to the human being as “a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted

in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. Human is viewed as greater than and different from the sum of his or her parts.” The nursing model states that nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health. It focuses on health promotion, as well as the treatment of diseases. Watson believed that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing. She defines nursing as “a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions.” (Petiprin, A., 2016).

Prescriptive Authority

Prescriptive authority is the ability of advanced practice registered nurses to prescribe, without limitation, legend and controlled drugs, devices, adjunct health/medical services, durable medical goods, and other equipment and supplies (Stokowski, L., 2018). Nurse practitioners, being highly educated and experienced in the field of nursing, are given prescriptive authority to varying degrees across the United States. The extent of a nurse practitioner’s prescriptive authority largely varies by the schedule of the drug in question, with some states allowing a larger degree of prescriptive authority to nurse practitioners and some regulating this prescriptive authority more closely. I live in California, the most populous U.S. state with nearly 40 million people. California keeps NPs under “restricted practice authority,” which requires them to have an agreement with a supervising physician to prescribe medicines, interpret diagnostic tests, and offer other essential services (Cox, K., 2017). Other states, such as Oregon and Nevada, while neighboring California, are considered “Full Practice States “meaning NPs can prescribe, diagnose, and treat patients without a physicians oversight (Simmons University, 2016).

References

Petiprin, A. (2016). Jean Watson Nursing Theory. Retrieved September 10, 2018, from http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/…

Stokowski, L. (2018, January). APRN Prescribing Law: A State-by-State Summary. Retrieved September 10, 2018, from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle

Simmons University. (2016, October 25). Where Can Nurse Practitioners Work Without Physician Supervision? Retrieved September 10, 2018, from https://onlinenursing.simmons.edu/nursing-blog/nur…

Cox, K. (2017). California Nurse Practitioner Full Practice Authority (FPA). Retrieved September 10, 2018, from https://www.nursepractitionerschools.com/blog/cali…

PART2-Topic

You have been called to testify in front of a regulatory committee that is reviewing the credentialing and clinical privilege rules for APN’s. Because of your experience in the field you are considered an expert in this area.

Explain in detail the difference between APN certification and credentialing.