Assignment: Ineffectual Speaker,”Assignment: Ineffectual SpeakerAssignment: Ineffectual SpeakerAssignment: Ineffectual SpeakerOrganizing Your SpeechFive minutes later, Maria still had her pen poised. He had gotten off to a slowstart. Ten minutes later, she laid her pen down and decided to concentrate juston listening. Twenty minutes later, she still had no idea what point Dr. Andersonwas trying to make. And by the time the lecture was over, Maria was practicallyasleep. Disappointed, she gathered her pens and her notebook (which now con-tained one page of lazy doodles) and promised herself she would skip the re-maining lectures in the series.Dr. Anderson was not a dynamic speaker. But his motivated audience ofyoung would-be authors and admirers might have forgiven that shortcoming.What they were unable to do was to unravel his hour’s worth of seemingly point-less rambling—to get some sense of direction or some pattern of ideas from histalk. Dr. Anderson had simply failed to organize his thoughts.The scenario described above actually happened. Dr. Anderson (not his real name) disappointed many who had looked forward to his lectures. His inability to organ- ize his ideas made him an ineffectual speaker. You, too, may have had an experience with a teacher who possessed expertise in his or her field but could not organize his or her thoughts well enough to lecture effectively. No matter how knowledgeable speakers may be, they must organize their ideas in logical patterns to ensure that their audience can follow, understand, and remember what is said. Our model ofaudience-centered communication emphasizes that speeches are organized for audiences, with decisions about organization being based in large parton an analysis of the audience. In the first six chapters of this book, you learned how toplan and research a speech based on audience needs, inter- ests, and expectations. The planning and research processhas taken you through five stages of speech preparation:● Selecting and narrowing a topic ● Determining your purpose● Developing your central idea ● Generating main ideas ● Gathering supporting materialAs the arrows in the model in Figure 7.1 suggest, you may have moved recursively through these first five stages, returning at times to earlier stages to makechanges and revisions based on your consideration of the audience. Now, with the results of your audience-centered planning and research in hand, it is time to move to the next stage in the audience-centered public-speaking process:● Organizing your speechIn this chapter, we will discuss the patterns of organization commonly used to arrange the main ideas of a speech. Then we will dis-cuss how to organize subpoints and supporting materials. Finally, we will talk about transitions, previews, and summaries. Chapter 8 discusses introductions and conclusions, and Chapter 9 deals with outlining, the final two components of the or- ganizational stage of the preparation process.Generate Main IdeasSelect and Narrow TopicCONSIDER THEAUDIENCE Develop CentralIdeaGather SupportingMaterialRehearse SpeechDetermine PurposeOrganize SpeechDeliver SpeechYou must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker
failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
- The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
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