Assignment: Gopnik & Graf Article Summary
Description
Write a summary of the Gopnik & Graf (1988) article
Your summary should be broken down into three separate sections, summarizing the relevant parts of the article.
1) In the introduction section, your overall goal is to provide the rationale for the study – why is this study being conducted, and what question will it answer? This involves (A) stating the general research topic, (B) describing the major theories and/or past studies relevant to this topic, and (C) describing what question remains, that this study will address.
2) In the method section, give a brief description of (A) the participants, (B) the materials (measures, apparatuses, etc.), and (C) the procedures (what was done).
3) In the results/discussion section, describe (A) what the study found, (B) how this answers the question raised in the introduction, and (C) how this relates to the earlier studies and/or theories described in the introduction. You do not need to read the results section in detail to do this well – results are summarized in the Discussion section of the article.
Throughout your summary, break things down into plain language, avoiding highly technical language. Write as if you were explaining something to a younger sibling or grandparent with no technical training. (If you’re not sure what something means, be sure to ask about it in class, office hours, or via email!)
Knowing How You Know: Young Children’s Ability to Identify and Remember the Sources of Their Beliefs Author(s): Alison Gopnik and Peter Graf Source: Child Development , Oct., 1988, Vol. 59, No. 5 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1366-1371 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Society for Research in Child Development Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1130499 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1130499?seq=1&cid=pdfreference#references_tab_contents You
may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Society for Research in Child Development and Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Child Development This content downloaded from 98.182.28.27 on Wed, 16 Feb 2022 23:48:34 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Knowing How You Know: Young Children’s Ability to Identify and Remember the Sources of Their Beliefs Alison Gopnik University of Toronto Peter Graf University of British Columbia GOPNIK, ALISON, and GRAF, PETER. Knowing How You Know:
Young Children’s Ability to Iden and Remember the Sources of Their Beliefs. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1988, 59, 1366-1371. Yo children’s understanding of the sources of their beliefs was investigated. 3, 4, and 5-year- learned about the contents of a drawer in 3 different ways: they saw the contents, were told a them, or inferred their identity from a clue. Children were then asked, immediately and after a b delay, how they knew about the contents of the drawer. 3-year-olds had difficulty identifying sources of their knowledge, while 5-year-olds did not. Moreover, even 3-year-olds who could c rectly identify the source immediately had difficulty remembering the source after a delay. Ex training in identifying sources did not improve the 3-year-olds’ performance. These results sup the hypothesis that children learn about the causal relation between the world and the m between 3 and 5 years of age. When adults form a new belief about the the world and mental representations of the world, they understand and often remember world, such as beliefs (Flavell, 1988; Forguhow they got that belief. They know whether son & Gopnik, 1988; Perner, 1988; Wellman, it is based on what someone told them, on an 1988), but that this ability develops between inference they made, or on something they the ages of 3 and 5. If young children are saw with their own eyes. Knowing about the unable to understand the sources of their besource of a belief plays an important role in liefs, this would provide support for this view. evaluating the belief and in deciding how However, if children were consistently able trustworthy or justified it is and how easily it to identify the sources of their beliefs, this should be discarded. The social psychological view would have to be seriously revised.
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
Welcome to class
Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.
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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- The is a great resource